Kajiwara Shōzen 梶原 性全 - Medicine Manuscript

Great Traditional Medicine Manuscript Anatomical teachings, bones, joints, pelvis, hip, shoulder spinal etc. Spine, spinal cord, blood circulation and bone, leprosy, Diabetes mellitus Internal organs and vessels 存真環中図 and Oracle Bones TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE 1 double sheet = 2 pages Osaka, around 1560-1580 Content: Japanese Anatomy (UNIKAT) Seikotsu-Jutsu Size: each about 25 cm x 19.5 cm Origin: Honshū, Osaka Prefecture, Sakai-shi Among the writings, the works by Kajiwara Shōzen (1266–1337) stand out: ‘A Brief Outline of Medicine’ (頓医抄, Ton ishō) and ‘Safe Prescriptions’ (万安方, Man’anpō). The former was written to promote dissemination in Kana syllabary. Through the Man’anpō, the anatomical teachings of Cúnzhēn huánzhōng tú (’Illustration of the internal organs and vessels’, 存真環中図, 1113) came to Japan. At the same time, Kajiwara introduced a Japanese terminology in his treatment of leprosy. Notable are his observations on diabetes mellitus as well. The groundbreaking precision of the anatomical depictions in these works rests on direct observations of corpses found at execution sites. Some proponents of Japanese osteopathy surpassed even contemporary Western-minded physicians in the precision of their portrayals... Traditional Japanese Medicine is the medicine in Japan that developed in dialogue with Chinese, Korean, and since the early modern period also Western medicine. Comparative studies of folk medicine in East Asia, Shintoism, as well as traces of ancient healing practices in folk medicine suggest that people on the Japanese archipelago practiced shamanistic rites and cleansing ceremonies before the Nara period. Some of the few herbs they used served only symbolic purposes. In the oldest work on history and mythology, Kojiki, and the later Nihon Shoki, there appears a deity Ōkuninushi (also Ōnamuchi or Ōmononushi), who, together with the deity Sukunabikona no Kami, heals humans and protects them from dangerous animals by means of protective spells. At the beginning of medical relations with the Asian mainland lie the consulting journeys of Korean doctors from the kingdoms of Silla, Paekche, and Goguryeo. Some of them settled in Japan. By the mid-6th century, according to tradition, with the arrival of the monk Zhì Cōng, who is said to have brought 164 medical works, direct contact with the Chinese empire began. Subsequently, thirteen official Japanese missions (kentōshi) took place. In shaping state structures in the 7th and 8th centuries, Japan also oriented itself in medicine and the organization of the medical administration to China. The separation of medical disciplines and the institutions dealing with them reflected Chinese precedents. An imperial Health Office (Ten’yakuryō) was established, but it was only responsible for the court and the nobility. In 787, the Chinese imperial household-supported ‘New Materia Medica’ (Xīnxiū Běncaǒ, 659) became the obligatory text in the Japanese health office, yet many of the 844 substances described there were not available in Japan. The next strong impulse came from Tashiro Sanki (田代 三喜, 1465–1537) after a twelve-year stay in China (1486–1498). There he had learned the medicine of the Jin (also Jurchen) Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, where the teachings of Li Gao (李杲, alias Li Dongyuan (李東垣), 1180–1251) and Zhu Danxi (朱丹溪, 1281–1358) dominated. The former is known for his ‘Treatise on the Spleen and Stomach’ (脾胃論, Pí wèi lùn, 1249). Li and Zhu advocated tonifying therapies and, in their theoretical grounding of the relationship between body and environment, i.e., lifestyle, gave special attention. Here we also find a close connection to the Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi (朱熹, 1120–1200), which reached Japan via the Kingdom of Korea... I guarantee you the age and originality.

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