Samurai Families of the Minamoto & Taira

Overview of the Samurai and Tactics against the Mongol Emperor Kublai Khan 3 Original Battle Plans with Manuscripts and many seals TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE 2 double sheets with 3 battle plans (1 battle plan hand-colored) + 1 double-sheet manuscript with signatures + 1 double-sheet with signatures and many red seals Military Nobility Muroyama, circa 1650-1680 Samurai families of the Minamoto and Taira Content: Genpei War: 1180-1185 Conflict for supremacy in Japan between the respected Samurai families of the Minamoto and Taira. Overview of the Samurai and tactics. Battle plan. Samurai is the Western term for a member of the warrior class in preindustrial Japan. In Japan itself, the term is typically Bushi. Today, Samurai is used exclusively for the warrior nobility of that era and not, for example, Ashigaru = “lightly armed foot soldiers.” Rōnin (wave-men) were used to refer to masterless Samurai. A renewed clash between the Taira and the Minamoto in 1180 led to the Genpei War, which lasted until 1185. The victorious Minamoto no Yoritomo (1147–1199) went to Kyoto in 1190 and was appointed Seii-Tai-Shōgun (the full title Shōgun is used). He founded the Kamakura Shogunate (1192–1333). Kublai Khan, the Mongol emperor, sent envoys during Japan’s early feudal period to demand submission of the Japanese emperor. The Japanese emperor, however, refused to comply with Kublai Khan’s demands and sent the envoys back to their lord. In 1274 the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked Japan with a fleet of 900 ships and 23,000 soldiers. The attack failed, and many ships were destroyed or severely damaged by the famous Kamikaze storms. When Kublai Khan sent envoys again a few years later, the Japanese emperor had them beheaded. Years later, around 1281, the Mongols attempted to conquer Japan again in the Battle of Koan with a still larger force of 4,500 ships and 142,000 soldiers, but failed due to bad weather conditions and the population’s fierce resistance. With Kublai Khan’s death in 1294, invasion plans were abandoned. Over time, powerful Samurai daimyō became war nobility (Buke) who were only nominally subject to the aristocracy of the court (Kuge). While the Samurai adopted courtly arts such as calligraphy, poetry, and music, the Kuge also adopted Samurai skills. Despite various intrigues and short periods under the rule of different emperors, true power lay in the hands of the Shōgun and the warriors. The conflict began in 1156. The deposed Emperor Sutoku and the reigning Emperor Go-Shirakawa had significant differences that led to a military confrontation. In this conflict, the Taira under Taira no Kiyomori supported the reigning emperor and prevailed. The Minamoto were on the losing side; their leader Minamoto no Tameyoshi was executed. This development pushed the Minamoto to the sidelines. Dissatisfied, they conspired against Taira no Kiyomori, lost again, and in 1160 Minamoto no Yoshitomo, their leader, was killed. The Taira had seized power in Japan, both through court connections and military force. Kiyomori placed his grandson Antoku on the throne and became regent. His coercive measures led in 1180 to renewed conspiracy under Minamoto no Yorimasa and Prince Mochihito, which he crushed in the First Battle of Uji. This battle is regarded as the first of the Genpei War. Far from the court, Minamoto no Yoritomo waited for his time. He had survived the Taira’s vengeance in 1160 and now entered the fray. The five-year conflict began on the Kantō Plain, from which Yoritomo, coming from the Izu Province, marched in. In 1183 Yoritomo had managed to take the Kantō Plain and central as well as western Japan. The Taira stood with their backs to the sea along the Inland Sea of Japan. Yoritomo’s kinsman Yoshinaka held Heiankyō. Fearing this successful general, Yoritomo sent an army under his brother Minamoto no Yoshitsune against him. Yoshitsune defeated Yoshinaka and his troops. As Yoritomo’s new general, he marched against the Taira, drove them to the sea, and defeated them decisively in the Sea Battle of Dan-no-ura (1185). Japan belonged to the Minamoto. Battles of the Genpei War: June 23, 1180: First Battle of Uji: Considered the first battle of the Genpei War, with the monks of Byōdō-in fighting on the side of Minamoto no Yorimasa. 1180 Siege of Nara: The Taira set temples and monasteries on fire to cut off their enemies’ supply. 1180 Battle of Ishibashiyama: Minamoto no Yoritomo’s first battle against the Taira. 1180 Battle of Fujigawa: The Taira mistake a flock of waterfowl for a nocturnal surprise attack by the Minamoto and retreat before battle. 1181 Battle of Sunomata: The Taira prevent a nighttime surprise attack. 1181 Battle of Yahagigawa: The Minamoto retreating from Sunomata in Gifu Prefecture confront the enemy. 1183 Siege of Hiuchi: The Taira attack a Minamoto fortress. 1183 Battle of Kurikara: The luck of war turns in favor of the Minamoto. 1183 Battle of Shinowara 1183 Battle of Mizushima: The Taira trap a Minamoto force heading toward Yashima in Kanagawa Prefecture. 1183 Siege of Fukuryuji: The Minamoto attack a Taira fortress. 1183 Battle of Muroyama 1184 Battle of Hojujiden: Minamoto no Yoshinaka, celebrating in Kyoto, is attacked by Taira sympathizers 1184 Second Battle of Uji: In response to Minamoto no Yoshinaka’s improper conduct, his cousin Minamoto no Yoshitsune is compelled to attack him. 1184 Battle of Awazu: Minamoto no Yoshinaka is defeated and killed by Yoshitsune and Noriyori. 1184 Battle of Ichi-no-Tani: The Minamoto successfully attack one of the Taira’s main fortresses. 1184 Battle of Kojima: The Minamoto chase the fleeing Taira from Ichi-no-Tani to Yashima, resulting in clashes. 1185 Battle of Yashima: The Minamoto assault the fortress of their enemies near Shikoku. April 25, 1185: Sea Battle of Dan-no-ura: This decisive sea battle ends the war. I guarantee you the age and originality. #japanweek

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